In Aristotle’s "Nicomachean Ethics," he explores the multifaceted nature of life through various lenses. Having engaged with this profound work, I found myself thoroughly satisfied with its insights. While Aristotle delves deeply into the concepts of right and wrong, as well as commonly accepted moral standards, his examination of friendship is particularly captivating. Though his discussion of friendship permeates all ten books, it is especially concentrated in Books Eight and Nine.
In "Nicomachean Ethics," Aristotle posits that friendship transcends mere bonds between individuals and should be regarded as a valuable aspect of life. He meticulously analyzes the strengths and weaknesses inherent in friendships, addressing their fundamental worth and exploring the progression from the inception to the conclusion of such relationships.
At the outset of Book Eight, Aristotle suggests that there are three types of friendships, although he does not specify them in detail. He asserts that maintaining any friendship requires individuals to remain true to themselves. While I recognize the validity of this assertion, I contend that life is inherently imperfect. For instance, considerations arise when encountering someone unable to communicate due to trauma or someone grappling with addiction—these complexities challenge the notion of unwavering authenticity in relationships.
Aristotle further expounds on individualism, asserting that if individuals fail to remain true to themselves, the friendship will ultimately falter. I appreciate the significance of this principle and understand his reasoning. However, his repetitive stereotypes regarding Persians are less agreeable. As he approaches the conclusion of Book Eight, he delves into the origins of variation in friendships.
Notably, at the beginning of Book Nine, Aristotle states, "In all friendships between dissimilar individuals, it is, as we have said, proportion that equalizes the parties and sustains the friendship." This assertion implies that we possess the capacity to love and appreciate those who differ from us, despite our variances.
He continues to discuss the foundations of maintaining friendships based on actions rather than thought processes, acknowledging that differing perspectives lead to diverse opinions. Aristotle further examines the concepts of worth and goodwill, elucidating their interrelationship. He suggests that performing good deeds does not inherently define one as a good person, especially in the initial stages of a friendship. Essentially, he underscores the notion that "things are not always what they seem," a sentiment that resonates deeply. A seemingly affable person may not always embody genuine kindness.
As he progresses, Aristotle discusses the nature of friendships and the specific reasons individuals form such connections. He emphasizes the importance of presence in sustaining lasting friendships and how it significantly impacts one’s reputation. Towards the end of Book Nine, he analyzes consciousness and its development through the lens of friendship. While he notes the importance of self-improvement to preserve a friendship, he does not elaborate on the methods for doing so.
Aristotle’s ad hominem remarks directed towards the Persian people are among the most egregious; however, it is essential to consider that during this period, the Greeks and Persians were adversaries, leading much of Aristotle's critique to stem from animosity. I have never supported ad hominem attacks in academic or revered texts, though it’s fortunate that this work does not fall into those categories. I found Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" to be an enriching read, and I highly recommend it to anyone seeking inspiration or those who value life, love, and friendship.
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